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+---
+name: drissionpage-auto-login
+description: Automate login with DrissionPage — discover login pages, fill forms, solve CAPTCHAs with ddddocr, and verify success.
+tags: [drissionpage, automation, login, captcha, ddddocr, web-scraping]
+---
+
+# DrissionPage Auto-Login with CAPTCHA Solving
+
+Automate login to web applications using DrissionPage, with automatic CAPTCHA solving via `ddddocr`.
+
+## Setup
+
+```bash
+python3 -m venv /tmp/drission_env && source /tmp/drission_env/bin/activate
+pip install DrissionPage ddddocr
+```
+
+## Browser Configuration
+
+```python
+from DrissionPage import ChromiumPage, ChromiumOptions
+import ddddocr
+import os
+import time
+
+co = ChromiumOptions()
+co.set_browser_path('/home/ubuntu/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-1217/chrome-linux64/chrome')
+co.set_argument('--no-sandbox')
+co.set_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
+co.set_argument('--disable-gpu')
+co.headless()
+co.auto_port()
+page = ChromiumPage(co)
+```
+
+## Login Discovery Workflow
+
+When the login URL is unknown:
+
+1. **Visit the homepage** and scan for login links:
+```python
+page.get('https://www.example.com')
+time.sleep(3)
+
+links = page.eles('tag:a')
+for link in links:
+    href = link.attr('href') or ''
+    text = link.text.strip()
+    if 'login' in href.lower() or 'login' in text.lower() or '登录' in text:
+        print(f"Found: {text} -> {href}")
+```
+
+2. **Common login URL patterns** to try:
+   - `/login`, `/signin`, `/auth`
+   - `login.example.com`, `passport.example.com`, `account.example.com`
+
+## Form Filling
+
+```python
+# Find inputs by name, placeholder, or type
+inputs = page.eles('css:input')
+for inp in inputs:
+    itype = inp.attr('type') or 'text'
+    name = inp.attr('name') or ''
+    ph = inp.attr('placeholder') or ''
+    
+    if itype in ['text', 'email']:
+        # Heuristic: match common username field indicators
+        if any(kw in (name + ph).lower() for kw in ['phone', 'email', 'account', 'user', 'mobile', 'login']):
+            inp.clear().input('your_username')
+    elif itype == 'password':
+        inp.clear().input('your_password')
+```
+
+## CAPTCHA Solving with ddddocr
+
+```python
+# 1. Find the CAPTCHA image element
+captcha_img = (page.ele('css:img.captcha') 
+            or page.ele('css:.captcha-img') 
+            or page.ele('xpath://img[contains(@src, "captcha")]'))
+
+if not captcha_img:
+    captcha_input = page.ele('@name=captcha')
+    if captcha_input:
+        captcha_img = captcha_input.sibling('tag:img')
+
+# 2. Save the image (PITFALL: use a simple filename, NOT a directory path)
+# DrissionPage's save() may create a directory if the src URL looks like a path.
+# Always use a clean local filename.
+import shutil
+captcha_path = '/tmp/captcha_solve.jpg'
+if os.path.isdir(captcha_path):
+    shutil.rmtree(captcha_path)
+
+# Use screenshot method instead of save() for reliability:
+captcha_img.get_screenshot(path=captcha_path)
+
+# 3. OCR recognition
+ocr = ddddocr.DdddOcr()
+with open(captcha_path, 'rb') as f:
+    img_bytes = f.read()
+captcha_text = ocr.classification(img_bytes)
+print(f"CAPTCHA: {captcha_text}")
+
+# 4. Fill the captcha field
+page.ele('@name=captcha').clear().input(captcha_text)
+```
+
+## Submit and Verify
+
+```python
+# Click login button
+login_btn = page.ele('text:登录') or page.ele('text:Login') or page.ele('css:button[type=submit]')
+if login_btn:
+    login_btn.click()
+else:
+    page.press('Enter')
+
+time.sleep(5)
+
+# Verify success
+if 'dashboard' in page.url.lower() or 'main' in page.url.lower():
+    print("Login successful!")
+else:
+    # Check for error messages
+    body = page('tag:body').text
+    if 'error' in body.lower() or '错误' in body:
+        print("Login failed — check credentials or captcha")
+```
+
+## Retry with CAPTCHA Refresh
+
+If the captcha is wrong, refresh and retry:
+
+```python
+for attempt in range(3):
+    # ... fill form and solve captcha ...
+    login_btn.click()
+    time.sleep(3)
+    
+    if 'error' not in page('tag:body').text.lower():
+        break
+    
+    # Click captcha image to refresh
+    if captcha_img:
+        captcha_img.click()
+        time.sleep(1)
+    else:
+        page.refresh()
+        time.sleep(2)
+```
+
+## Pitfalls
+
+- **`save()` creates directories**: DrissionPage's `element.save(path)` may create a *directory* if the source URL contains path-like segments (e.g., `captcha.jpg;jsessionid=...`). Always use a clean local filename and check `os.path.isdir()` first.
+- **`get_screenshot()` is more reliable**: For single elements, `element.get_screenshot(path=...)` is more reliable than `save()`.
+- **uv-managed Python**: Use a temp venv to install packages.
+- **Headless + sandbox flags**: Always use `--no-sandbox --disable-dev-shm-usage --disable-gpu` and `co.headless()`.
+- **Auto port**: Use `co.auto_port()` to avoid conflicts.
+- **Wait times**: Add `time.sleep(2-5)` after page loads and form submissions for JS-rendered content.
+- **Iframe logins**: If inputs are inside iframes, switch context: `page = page.eles('tag:iframe')[0].child()`.
+- **Multiple hidden inputs**: Sites may have many hidden inputs. Filter by `type` and visible attributes.
+- **CAPTCHA case sensitivity**: Some sites require uppercase/lowercase matching. Try `captcha_text.upper()` or `.lower()` if login fails.